Theodore Roosevelt National Park in North Dakota is one of the best places in the United States to experience wildlife in wide-open prairie landscapes. Named after the conservationist president who fell in love with this land in the 1880s, the park is home to bison herds, wild horses, prairie dogs, and countless bird species.
Whether you are driving the park’s scenic loops, hiking the trails, or camping overnight, you will almost certainly encounter animals. Wildlife is one of the main reasons to visit this underrated park.
This guide covers the main animals you can see in Theodore Roosevelt National Park, where to find them, and tips for safe viewing.
Bison
Bison are the stars of Theodore Roosevelt National Park. Hundreds roam freely across all three park units — South Unit, North Unit, and Elkhorn Ranch.
- Where to see them: Often spotted from the Scenic Loop Drive in the South Unit or grazing near the Little Missouri River.
- Behavior: They may seem calm, but bison are unpredictable and can run faster than you think.
- Safety: Stay at least 25 yards away. Do not approach for photos.
Few experiences compare to seeing a bison herd crossing the road against the backdrop of North Dakota badlands.
Wild Horses
The park is one of the few places in the U.S. where wild horses still roam. Descendants of domestic horses that escaped or were released, they have lived here for decades.
- Where to see them: Most common in the South Unit, especially in open prairies and along the Scenic Loop.
- Appearance: Bands of horses often include mares, foals, and a stallion. Colors range from chestnut to black to white.
- Why special: Few national parks allow wild horse herds to thrive naturally.
Seeing wild horses grazing freely is a highlight for many visitors.
Prairie Dogs
Prairie dog towns are lively and entertaining. These small rodents bark, chirp, and scurry around their burrows in large colonies.
- Where to see them: Several designated prairie dog towns along the Scenic Loop Drive in the South Unit.
- Behavior: Watch for sentinels standing upright and “barking” warnings.
- Why they matter: Prairie dogs are a keystone species, supporting predators like hawks, coyotes, and badgers.
Bring binoculars and patience — their behavior is fun to watch.
Elk
Elk once roamed widely across the Great Plains. They were reintroduced to Theodore Roosevelt National Park in the 1980s.
- Where to see them: More common in the North Unit, especially in wooded river valleys.
- Best time: Dawn and dusk are prime times for sightings.
- Seasonal highlight: In fall, listen for the bugling calls of bull elk during mating season.
Mule Deer and White-Tailed Deer
Both mule deer and white-tailed deer are common in the park.
- Where to see them: Found throughout all units, often near rivers or in forested areas.
- Differences: Mule deer have larger ears and a distinctive bounding gait, while white-tails flash their tails when alarmed.
- Best viewing: Early morning and evening.
Coyotes
Coyotes are often heard before they are seen. Their yips and howls echo across the badlands at night.
- Where to see them: Open prairies, near prairie dog towns, or trotting along ridgelines.
- Behavior: Opportunistic predators and scavengers, often hunting small mammals.
- Viewing tip: Look for them at dawn or dusk when they are most active.
Birds
The park is home to over 186 bird species, making it a great destination for birdwatchers.
- Raptors: Golden eagles, red-tailed hawks, and prairie falcons soar overhead.
- Songbirds: Western meadowlarks, North Dakota’s state bird, fill the air with their calls.
- Waterfowl: Ducks and geese gather near rivers and ponds.
Bring binoculars for the best birding experience.
Other Animals
- Pronghorn antelope: Fast and graceful, often seen in open grasslands.
- Badgers: Rarely seen, but they dig burrows in prairie dog towns.
- Reptiles: Garter snakes and lizards thrive in dry, rocky areas.
- Beavers: Found near rivers and streams, with lodges visible along the banks.
Best Places for Wildlife Viewing
- South Unit Scenic Loop Drive: Easy access to bison, prairie dogs, and wild horses.
- North Unit Scenic Drive: Quieter, with more chances to see elk and bison.
- River valleys: Good spots for deer, beavers, and birdlife.
- Prairie dog towns: Fascinating micro-ecosystems with constant activity.
Best Times of Day and Year
- Morning and evening: Wildlife is most active in cooler hours.
- Fall: Elk bugling, rutting behavior in bison and deer, and migrating birds.
- Spring: Baby bison and foals in wild horse bands.
- Winter: Bison and deer stand out against snowy backdrops, though access may be limited.
Wildlife Viewing Safety Tips
- Never approach or feed wild animals.
- Use binoculars or zoom lenses instead of getting too close.
- Stay in your vehicle if animals block the road — they will move on.
- Respect seasonal closures or restrictions to protect habitats.
Pros and Cons of Wildlife Viewing in Theodore Roosevelt National Park
| Pros | Cons |
|---|---|
| Diverse range of animals in one park | Animals may be elusive at midday or in heat |
| Easy sightings from scenic drives | Roads can get busy in summer |
| Wild horses, rare in U.S. parks | Remote location requires planning |
| Excellent birdwatching opportunities | Weather can affect visibility |
Suggested Itinerary
Day 1: Drive the Scenic Loop in the South Unit, stopping at prairie dog towns and likely bison herds
Day 2: Head to the North Unit for elk and quieter wildlife viewing, hike along the Little Missouri River
Day 3: Sunrise photography of wild horses, birdwatching in river valleys, then explore park overlooks before departing
Conclusion
Wildlife is one of the main reasons to visit Theodore Roosevelt National Park. From thundering bison herds and elusive elk to playful prairie dogs and roaming wild horses, the park brings the Great Plains ecosystem to life.
Whether you come for photography, quiet observation, or family-friendly animal watching, the park offers unforgettable encounters in a setting that feels wild and authentic.
FAQs
What animals are most common in Theodore Roosevelt National Park?
Bison, prairie dogs, deer, and wild horses are the most frequently seen.
Can you see wolves or bears in the park?
No. Wolves and grizzly bears are not found here. Coyotes are the main predator.
Where is the best place to see wild horses?
The South Unit’s Scenic Loop Drive offers the best chance to spot herds grazing on open prairies.
When is the best time to see wildlife in the park?
Morning and evening are best, with spring and fall offering the most dramatic wildlife activity.
Is it safe to view wildlife from your car?
Yes. In fact, many of the best sightings happen from the safety of your vehicle. Just keep a safe distance.
