Harar is one of Ethiopia’s most fascinating cities. Known as the “City of Saints,” it is a labyrinth of colorful alleyways, bustling markets, and centuries of history packed inside its ancient walls. Recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Harar is considered the fourth holiest city in Islam, with more than 80 mosques and countless shrines.
But Harar is not just about religion. It is also famous for its unique tradition of feeding wild hyenas, its coffee culture, and its blend of African, Arab, and Indian influences. For travelers looking to go beyond Ethiopia’s highlands and historic northern circuit, Harar offers an experience unlike anywhere else in the country.
This guide explores what makes Harar special, how to get there, and what you should not miss during your visit.
Where Is Harar?
Harar is located in eastern Ethiopia, about 525 kilometers from Addis Ababa. It sits at an elevation of around 1,885 meters (6,200 feet), which gives it a cooler climate than the surrounding lowlands.
The city lies close to Dire Dawa, the region’s main transport hub, and within reach of the Somali border, which has shaped its cultural and historical identity for centuries.
A Brief History of Harar
Harar has been a center of Islamic scholarship and trade for over 1,000 years. It rose to prominence in the 16th century as the capital of the Adal Sultanate. The city became a hub for trade routes linking the Horn of Africa with Arabia and India, bringing merchants, scholars, and new cultural influences.
In the 19th century, Harar became known for its coffee, which remains a key part of its identity today. French poet Arthur Rimbaud even lived here in the 1880s as a trader, adding to its mystique.
In 2006, UNESCO recognized Harar Jugol, the old walled city, as a World Heritage Site for its unique urban layout and cultural significance.
Things to Do in Harar
Wander the Old Walled City (Jugol)
Harar’s old town is a maze of narrow alleyways, colorful walls, and traditional Harari houses. The walls, built in the 16th century, still enclose the heart of the city. Inside, you will find:
- More than 80 mosques and 100 shrines
- Brightly painted homes with unique interiors
- Small shops selling spices, textiles, and handicrafts
Getting lost in the alleyways is part of the charm, and local guides can help explain the history and culture behind what you see.
Visit the City Gates
Harar has six historic gates that once controlled entry to the city. Each has its own story and significance. The gates remain key landmarks for orientation and photography.
Harar’s Markets
The city’s markets are lively and full of color. The Christian Market sells fruits, vegetables, and household items, while the Muslim Market specializes in spices, coffee, and textiles. Both reflect the diverse communities that call Harar home.
Harari Houses
Traditional Harari houses are distinct, with interiors decorated by colorful baskets and niches in the walls. Some have been turned into museums or guesthouses, offering visitors a chance to see the unique design up close.
Arthur Rimbaud House
This museum is dedicated to the French poet Arthur Rimbaud, who lived in Harar as a trader in the late 19th century. The building itself is a fine example of Harari architecture with Indian influences. Exhibits cover his life and the history of Harar’s trade connections.
Coffee Culture
Harar is one of Ethiopia’s main coffee regions, and tasting it here is a must. Coffee ceremonies are common, where beans are roasted, ground, and brewed in front of you before being served in small cups. Harar coffee is known for its strong, fruity flavor.
Feeding the Hyenas
Perhaps Harar’s most famous tradition is the nightly feeding of wild hyenas. For centuries, locals have coexisted with these animals, which are believed to keep away evil spirits. Today, hyena men feed them scraps of meat at the city’s edge, often allowing brave visitors to participate.
It is both eerie and unforgettable, watching hyenas approach calmly in the dark, then gently take food from a stick or even a person’s mouth.
Museums and Culture
- Harar Museum: Displays artifacts, manuscripts, and cultural treasures.
- Sherif Harar City Museum: Showcases Harari art, furniture, and household items in a restored mansion.
Getting to Harar
- By air: Fly to Dire Dawa from Addis Ababa, then take a minibus or taxi for the 1.5-hour drive to Harar.
- By bus: Long-distance buses run from Addis Ababa to Harar, taking around 10–12 hours.
- By private car: A flexible option if you want to stop in smaller towns or the Awash National Park on the way.
Where to Stay
Harar has a mix of guesthouses, budget hotels, and heritage-style accommodations. Many visitors choose to stay in traditional Harari houses that have been converted into guesthouses, offering both comfort and cultural immersion.
When to Visit
- October to March: The best season, with cooler and drier weather.
- April to September: Wetter and hotter, though Harar’s elevation keeps temperatures manageable.
Try to plan your trip to include a Sunday, when Harar’s markets are especially lively.
Pros and Cons of Visiting Harar
| Pros | Cons |
|---|---|
| UNESCO World Heritage Site with unique architecture | Remote, requires effort to reach |
| Rich blend of African, Arab, and Indian influences | Tourist infrastructure is limited |
| Famous hyena feeding tradition | Some alleys can feel unsafe at night without a guide |
| Coffee culture and vibrant markets | Few high-end accommodation options |
Suggested Itinerary
Day 1: Arrive in Harar, explore the walled city and markets, stay in a Harari house
Day 2: Visit Arthur Rimbaud House, Harar Museum, and enjoy a coffee ceremony; attend hyena feeding at night
Day 3: Explore the surrounding countryside or nearby villages before heading back to Dire Dawa or Addis Ababa
Conclusion
Harar is unlike anywhere else in Ethiopia. With its maze of alleyways, colorful houses, and centuries of spiritual tradition, it feels like stepping back in time. Add in the surreal hyena feeding, lively markets, and rich coffee culture, and you have one of the most unique cities in Africa.
It may not be the easiest place to reach, but for travelers seeking history, culture, and unforgettable experiences, Harar is worth the journey.
FAQs
Why is Harar famous?
Harar is known as the “City of Saints” for its many mosques and shrines, and for its unique tradition of feeding wild hyenas.
Is Harar safe for tourists?
Yes, Harar is generally safe. Like any city, take normal precautions, especially at night, and use guides in the old town.
How do you get to Harar from Addis Ababa?
The fastest way is to fly to Dire Dawa, then take a 1.5-hour drive to Harar. Buses and private cars are also options.
What is the best time to visit Harar?
October to March offers the best weather. Sundays are especially good for visiting markets.
Can tourists feed the hyenas in Harar?
Yes, visitors can participate in the nightly hyena feeding tradition under the supervision of local handlers.
